Vulvovaginal atrophy is a frequently neglected symptom of menopause. While an estimated 10–40% of women are affected by the progressive symptoms of vaginal dryness, irritation, itching ...

Research suggests that probiotics combined with estrogen may improve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. A 2019 study found that combining oral phytoestrogen with probiotics resulted in significant ...

Direct application of local estrogen to the vulvar vestibule, with the consideration of adding a local androgen as well, is important to adequately treat symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy.